An ingrown toenail is a common condition that affects people of all ages. While it may start as a minor discomfort, it can progress into a more serious issue if not addressed. Understanding what this condition is, recognizing its signs, and knowing the available treatment options can help manage the condition effectively.
What Is an Ingrown Toenail?
An ingrown toenail occurs when the edge or corner of a toenail grows into the soft flesh of the toe. The big toe is most frequently affected, though any toe can develop this condition. The nail pierces the skin, leading to a physical break in the skin’s protective barrier. This opening causes inflammation and allows bacteria to enter, leading to infection.
Several factors can contribute to the development of an ingrown toenail. Improper nail trimming is a frequent cause. Cutting toenails too short or rounding the edges encourages the skin to fold over the nail, prompting it to grow into the skin. Wearing shoes that are too tight or narrow can also be a cause.
What Are the Signs?
Recognizing the signs of an ingrown toenail early can help manage the condition effectively. You might notice tenderness or discomfort along one or both sides of the toenail in the initial stage. The skin next to the nail may become red and feel slightly firm or swollen. There may be a sensation of pressure at the nail border.
As the condition progresses, the symptoms become more pronounced. The pain increases and becomes more constant. Redness and swelling around the nail edge will likely worsen. The body’s response to the nail piercing the skin leads to increased inflammation. You might observe a small amount of fluid or pus draining from the affected area. This drainage is a sign that the body is reacting to a foreign object (the nail) and may indicate the beginning of an infection.
In more advanced stages, the infection can become more significant. The pain becomes throbbing and severe, making it difficult to wear shoes. The redness can spread, and the toe may feel warm to the touch. An overgrowth of skin tissue may develop around the edge of the penetrating nail. A noticeable amount of pus may drain from the area.
How Is One Treated?
Treatment for an ingrown toenail depends on its severity. For mild cases without signs of infection, a healthcare professional may suggest certain home care measures. These could include soaking the foot in warm water several times a day to reduce swelling and relieve tenderness. Wearing open-toed shoes or sandals helps relieve pressure on the affected toe.
When an ingrown toenail is more advanced, painful, or shows signs of infection, professional medical care is recommended. A podiatrist will properly assess the condition and determine the best course of action. For a slightly ingrown nail, a podiatrist may be able to carefully lift the ingrowing nail edge and place a small piece of cotton or a splint under it. For more severe or recurrent cases, a minor surgical procedure might be performed. The podiatrist may perform a partial nail avulsion, which involves removing the piece of the nail that is growing into the skin.
Meet With a Podiatrist
If you suspect you have an ingrown toenail, particularly if you observe signs of infection, such as pus, spreading redness, or severe pain, seeking a professional evaluation is a prudent course of action. A podiatrist can accurately diagnose the condition, provide appropriate treatment to relieve discomfort, and help prevent future occurrences. Individuals with diabetes should seek care promptly for any foot-related issues.
