Lipomas are common soft tissue growths found in adults. These benign tumors consist of fat cells and typically develop just beneath the skin. While lipomas are generally harmless, understanding their characteristics and knowing when to seek medical attention can help you make informed decisions about your health.
What Is a Lipoma?
A lipoma is a slow-growing, benign tumor composed of mature fat cells surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule. These soft tissue masses feel rubbery or doughy to the touch and move easily under the skin when pressed. Lipomas are typically smaller than 2 inches in diameter, though some can grow larger over time.
The growth occurs when fat cells multiply and cluster together, forming a distinct mass separate from surrounding tissue. Unlike malignant tumors, lipomas do not spread to other parts of the body or invade nearby tissues. They remain confined within their fibrous capsule and grow slowly over months or years.
What Causes It?
Genetic factors may play a role in the development of this condition, as it often runs in families. Certain genetic conditions increase the likelihood of developing multiple lipomas. Hereditary multiple lipomatosis, adiposis dolorosa, and Gardner syndrome are examples of inherited disorders associated with lipoma formation. These conditions involve specific genetic mutations that affect the development and growth of fat cells.
What Are the Symptoms?
The primary symptom is the appearance of a soft, movable lump under the skin. Most lipomas are painless unless they grow large enough to press on nearby nerves or contain many blood vessels. The skin over the lump typically appears normal.
Key characteristics include:
- A soft and doughy feel: They are not hard or firm.
- Easy movement: The lump can be shifted with light pressure.
While this condition is generally asymptomatic beyond its physical presence, any rapid change in size, shape, or the onset of pain should be evaluated. These changes may indicate a different type of growth.
When Should You See a Dermatologist?
Medical evaluation becomes necessary when a lipoma exhibits unusual characteristics or causes discomfort. Rapid growth over a few weeks or months warrants medical attention, as this pattern differs from typical behavior. Any hard, immovable, or irregularly shaped growth requires professional assessment to rule out other conditions.
Pain or tenderness associated with the growth indicates a need for medical evaluation. While most cases remain painless, discomfort may suggest complications or alternative diagnoses. Skin changes over the lipoma, including redness, warmth, or ulceration, also require medical attention.
Size plays a role in determining when to seek treatment. Lipomas that are large or interfere with daily activities may benefit from professional evaluation. Large growths can affect clothing fit, cause cosmetic issues, or limit the range of motion in certain body areas.
Consult a Dermatologist Today
Lipomas are a common, benign condition that affects adults worldwide. These soft tissue growths consist of fat cells enclosed in a fibrous capsule and may cause no symptoms beyond their physical presence. Schedule an appointment with a qualified dermatologist if you notice any unusual skin growths or changes in existing lipomas. A professional evaluation provides accurate diagnosis and treatment recommendations tailored to your specific situation.
